Series
Definition: Each proposition makes its own independent contribution to a whole.
Conjunctions: and, moreover, likewise, neither, nor, καί, δέ.
Example: warning everyone and teaching everyone with all wisdom (Colossians 1:28)
Progression
Definition: Like series, but each proposition is a further step toward a climax.
Conjunctions: then, and, moreover, furthermore, καί, δέ.
Example: The earth produces by itself, first the blade, then the ear, then the full grain in the ear (Mark 4:28)
Alternative
Definition: Each proposition expresses a different possibility arising from a situation.
Conjunctions: or, but, while, on the other hand, δέ, ἤ, μέν.
Example: Are you the one who is to come, or shall we look for another? (Matthew 11:3)
Action-Manner
Definition: An action and a statement indicating the way or manner that action is carried out. This relationship can also be used to indicate means.
Conjunctions: in that, by, participles.
Example: he did good by giving you rains from heaven and fruitful seasons (Acts 14:17)
Cf Comparison
Definition: An action and a statement that clarifies that action by showing what it is like.
Conjunctions: even as, as...so, like, just as, ὡς, καθώς.
Example: Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ (1 Corinthians 11:1)
Negative-Positive
Definition: Two statements, one of which is denied so that the other is enforced. This is also the relationship implicit in contrasting statements.
Conjunctions: not…but, ἀλλά.
Example: do not be foolish, but understand what the will of the Lord is (Ephesians 5:17)
Idea-Explanation
Definition: The relationship between an original statement and one clarifying its meaning. The clarifying proposition may expound on only one word of the associated arc or its entirety.
Conjunctions: that is, in other words, ὅτι, γάρ, ἵνα.
Example: Blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered; blessed is the man against whom the Lord will not count his sin (Romans 4:7-8)
Question-Answer
Definition: : The statement of a question and the answer to that question.
Conjunctions: question mark.
Example: what does the Scripture say? Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness (Romans 4:3)
Ground
Definition: A statement and the argument or reason for that statement (supporting proposition follows)
Conjunctions: for, because, since, γάρ, ὅτι, ἐπεί, διότι.
Example: Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 5:3)
Inference
Definition: A statement and the argument or reason for that statement (supporting proposition precedes)
Conjunctions: therefore, accordingly, οὖν, διό, ὅπως.
Example: The end of all things is at hand; therefore be self-controlled and sober-minded (1 Peter 4:7)
Bilateral
Definition: A proposition that supports two other propositions, one preceding and one following.
Conjunctions: for, because, therefore, so, γάρ, ὅτι, οὖν, διό.
Example: For the mind that is set on the flesh is hostile to God, for it does not submit to God s law; indeed, it cannot. Those who are in the flesh cannot please God. (Romans 8:7-8)
Action-Result-Means
Definition: An action and a consequence or result which accompanies that action.
Conjunctions: so that, that, with the result that, ὥστε.
Example: there arose a great storm on the sea, so that the boat was being swamped by the waves (Matthew 8:24)
Action-Purpose
Definition: An action and its intended result.
Conjunctions: in order that, so that, that, lest, ἵνα, εἰς τὸ.
Example: I say this in order that no one may delude you with plausible arguments (Colossians 2:4)
Conditional
Definition: Like Action-Result except that the existence of the action is only potential and the result is contingent upon that action.
Conjunctions: if…then, provided that, except, unless, εἰ, ἐάν, εἴτε, ἆρα.
Example: if there is harm, then you shall pay life for life (Exodus 21:23)
Temporal
Definition: A statement and the occasion when it is true or can occur.
Conjunctions: when, whenever, after, before, ὅταν, ὅτε, πρίν.
Example: And when you fast, do not look gloomy (Matthew 6:16)
Locative
Definition: A statement and the place where it is true or can occur.
Conjunctions: where, wherever, ὅπου.
Example: For where you go I will go (Ruth 1:16)
Concessive
Definition: A main clause that stands despite a contrary statement.
Conjunctions: although, though, yet, nevertheless, but, however, δέ, πλήν.
Example: I intend always to remind you of these qualities, though you know them (2 Peter 1:12)
Situation-Response
Definition: A situation and its surprising or counter-intuitive response.
Conjunctions: and.
Example: How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing! (Matthew 23:37)